The benefits of long-term bilingual education are strongly backed by the research findings from hundreds of studies across national borders and languages of instruction. Thomas & Collier's landmark studies, illustrated above, have found that students in Dual Language programs significantly outperform comparison groups from other educational programs. Most studies show that by the end of elementary school the educational outcomes of bilingually educated students are at least comparable to, and usually higher than, peers who did not have bilingual education.